| Apse |
Arched recess
at the end of a church. |
| Arcade |
A series of arches supported
by columns or piers. |
| Architrave |
A lintel or beam resting on columns, the lowermost member of a classical
entablature. |
| Baluster |
The upright support, often decoratively
carved or turned, in a handrail or balustrade |
| Basilica |
1.
A public building of ancient Rome having a central nave with an
apse at one or both ends and two side aisles formed by rows of columns,
which was used as a courtroom or assembly hall.
2. A Christian church building of
similar design, having a nave with a semicircular apse, two or four
side aisles, a narthex, and a clerestory |
| Belvedere |
A structure designed and situated
to look out upon a pleasing view and therefore often place atop
a building. |
| Buttress |
A structure,
usually brick or stone, built against a wall for support or reinforcement.
[illustration]
|
| Campanile |
A bell tower, usually one near
but not attached to a church or other public building. |
| Capital |
The uppermost
portion of a column, pillar, or shaft, usually characteristic of
an order, supporting the entablature. |
| Cavetto |
A concave molding with a cross
section that approximates a quarter circle. |
| Chancel |
The space
around the altar of a church for the clergy and sometimes the choir,
often enclosed by a lattice or railing. |
| Clerestory |
1.
The upper part of the nave, transepts, and choir of a church containing
windows.
2. An upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying
natural light to a building. |
| Coffered
(ceiling) |
A decorative
sunken panel in a ceiling, dome, soffit or vault. |
| Colonnette |
A small column, in Federal architecture
often flanking a doorway. |
| Corinthian order |
See Orders. |
| Cornice |
A horizontal molded projection
that crowns or completes a building or wall. |
| Cupola |
A light structure
on a dome or roof, serving as a belfry, lantern, or belvedere. |
| Doric Order |
See Orders. |
| Entablature |
The upper
section of a wall or story that is usually supported on columns
or pilasters that consists of classical orders of architrave, frieze,
and cornice. |
| Entasis |
A slight convexity given to
columns. |
| Frieze |
The part of
a classical entablature between the architrave and the cornice. |
| Gable |
Triangular upper part of the
wall at the end of a ridged roof. |
| Ionic Order |
See Orders. |
| Narthex - vestibule |
1.
A portico or lobby of an early Christian or Byzantine church or
basilica, originally separated from the nave by a railing or screen.
2. An entrance hall leading to the
nave of a church. |
| Nave |
The central
part of a church, extending from the narthex to the chancel and
flanked by aisles. |
| Orders |
A column with its base and
capital, together with the entablature which it supports. The
Greek orders are
Doric, distinguished by a capital consisting of a plain curved
molding, triglyph in the frieze, and the absence of a base; Ionic
with its scroll-like capital; and Corinthian,
in which the capital consists of stylized acanthus leaves.
|
| Palmette |
An ornament
consisting of radiating fronds or petals arranged in a palm-like
pattern, closely related to the Egyptian lotus and Greek anthemion,
in the Doric order often applied to the soffit at its corners. |
| Pediment |
A low gable or gable-like feature,
typically triangular and outlined with cornices, usually placed
over a door, window, or porch. |
| Pilaster |
A shallow
rectangular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and
base and usually imitating the form of a column. |
| Pinnacle |
A small, upright structure,
capping a tower, buttress, or other projecting architectural member;
common in nineteenth-century Gothic Revival buildings. |
| Portico |
A structure
consisting of a roof supported by columns or piers, usually attached
to a building as a porch. |
| Rustication |
Masonry deliberately rough and
laid up in oversized and crude blocks, usually in basements. |
| Sanctuary |
The holiest
part of a sacred place, as the part of a Christian church around
the altar. |
| Soffit |
The underside of a subordinate
part or member of a building, such as a staircase, entablature,
archway, or cornice. |
| Tracery |
Architectural
ornamental work with branching lines, especially decorative openwork
in a Gothic window. |
| Transepts |
The transverse part of a cruciform
church, crossing the nave at right angles. |
| Truss |
A framework
of wood, designed to carry roof loads, that usually spans from wall
to wall. |
| Vernacular |
The common building style of
a period or place. |
|
James Patrick, Architecture in Tennessee, 1768-1897
(Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1981).
|
